PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126585 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Land Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs
							18.5
							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Landon	Waitakian	Arikareean	Late Oligocene	23.03
				Duntroonian			25.2
				Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene	27.82
					Whitneyan		29.5
					Orellan		31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian	Late Eocene	33.9
			Arnold	Runangan			34.6
				Kaiatan			36.7
					Duchesnean		37
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene	37.71
				Bortonian			39.1
					Uintan		39.7
		Lutetian					41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
				Heretaungan			45.7
					Bridgerian		46.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene	47.8
				Mangaorapan			48.9
				Mangaorapan	Wasatchian		50.5
				Waipawan	Wasatchian		52
				Waipawan	Clarkforkian		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Clarkforkian	Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian	Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian	Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian	Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian	Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian			Puercan	Early Paleocene	63.8
							66