PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126585 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cenozoic Subepochs
								2.58
								18.5
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tertiary †	late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		Late Oligocene	23.03
					Monroecreekian			23.1 *
					Geringian			24.7 *
		Rupelian			Geringian		Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian					Early Oligocene	29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian					Late Eocene	37
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian		Late Uintan/Early Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian		Late Uintan/Early Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian		Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				46.2
		Ypresian		Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			Early Eocene	47.8
				Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				50.5
						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian				To3/To2/To1	Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian				To3/To2/To1	Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian				Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	Early Paleocene	63.8
								66