PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126186 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					0
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †	Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene	11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene	13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian		Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan			Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene	61.6
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