PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126149 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	European Faunal Zones	Ten Million Year Bins	Central Paratethys Stages	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean			Cenozoic 6			0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Nihewanian				Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean					Late Pleistocene	0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean					Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian	Irvingtonian					Middle Pleistocene	0.21
		Calabrian	Irvingtonian					Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian	Blancan						1.4
		Gelasian			MN 17				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Yushean	MN 16			Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian			MN 15			Late Pliocene	3.2
		Zanclean			MN 15			Early Pliocene	3.6
					MN 14				4.2
			Hemphillian		MN 14				4.7
				Baodean	MN 13				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			MN 13			Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian			MN 12		Pannonian		7.246
					MN 11				7.75
					MN 10				8.7
			Clarendonian		MN 10				9.4
					MN 9				9.7
				Tunggurian	MN 7 + 8				11.1
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5	Sarmatian	Middle Miocene	11.63
			Barstovian				Sarmatian		12.5
					MN 6		Badenian		12.8 *
		Langhian		Shanwangian	MN 5				13.82
		Burdigalian			MN 4			Early Miocene	15.98
			Hemingfordian		MN 4				16.3
			Hemingfordian	Xiejiaan	MN 3				16.9
			Arikareean		MN 3				18.5
					MN 2				20
		Aquitanian			MN 2				20.44
		Aquitanian			MN 1				22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4		Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene	27.82
			Whitneyan						29.5
			Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian			Cenozoic 3		Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian	Duchesnean					Late Eocene	37
		Bartonian	Duchesnean					Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian	Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian	Uintan			Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Lutetian	Bridgerian						46.2
		Ypresian	Bridgerian					Early Eocene	47.8
			Wasatchian						50.5
			Clarkforkian						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian			Cenozoic 1		Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian					Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian					Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian					Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian					Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian	Puercan					Early Paleocene	63.8
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