International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126197 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Cenozoic Subepochs | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |||||||||||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Sheridanian | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||||||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||||||||||||
Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | |||||||||||||||
Irvingtonian | Cudahyan/Sappan | 0.21 | |||||||||||||||
Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | |||||||||||||||
Blancan | Senecan/Rexroadian | 1.4 | |||||||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | |||||||||||||
Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | |||||||||||||||
Hemphillian | Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | 5.333 | ||||||||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||||||||
Clarendonian | Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||||||||
Serravallian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | |||||||||||||||
Barstovian | late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||||||||
Burdigalian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | |||||||||||||||
Hemingfordian | Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||||||||
Arikareean | late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | 18.5 | ||||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | |||||||||||||
Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | ||||||||||||||||
Geringian | 24.7 * | ||||||||||||||||
Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | |||||||||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | Late Eocene | 33.9 | ||||||||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||||||||||||
Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | |||||||||||||||
Uintan | Late Uintan/Early Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||||||||
Bridgerian | Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | 46.2 | |||||||||||||||
Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | |||||||||||||||
Wasatchian | Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | 50.5 | |||||||||||||||
Clarkforkian | Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | 54.9 | |||||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | 56 | ||||||||||||||
Tiffanian | Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | 56.2 | |||||||||||||||
Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | |||||||||||||||
Torrejonian | To3/To2/To1 | 60.9 | |||||||||||||||
Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | |||||||||||||||
Puercan | Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | 63.8 | |||||||||||||||
66 |