International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126029 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | Cenozoic Subepochs | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | ||||||
| Santarosean | 0.0004 | |||||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Nihewanian | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||
| Rancholabrean | 0.014 | |||||||||
| Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | ||||||||
| Irvingtonian | 0.21 | |||||||||
| Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | ||||||||
| Blancan | 1.4 | |||||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Yushean | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | |||||
| Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | ||||||||
| Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||
| Baodean | 4.9 | |||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | 5.333 | |||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||
| Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||
| Tunggurian | 11.1 | |||||||||
| Serravallian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | ||||||||
| Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||
| Langhian | Shanwangian | 13.82 | ||||||||
| Burdigalian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | ||||||||
| Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||
| Xiejiaan | 16.9 | |||||||||
| Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | ||||||
| Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | ||||||||
| Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||
| Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | Late Eocene | 33.9 | ||||||
| Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||
| Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | ||||||||
| Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||
| Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||
| Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | ||||||||
| Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||
| Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | 56 | |||||||
| Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||
| Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | ||||||||
| Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||
| Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | ||||||||
| Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||
| 66 | ||||||||||