PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126536 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs
								18.5
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene	23.03
				Monroecreekian				23.1 *
				Geringian				24.7 *
		Rupelian		Geringian			Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian					Early Oligocene	29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian					Late Eocene	37
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan			Cenozoic 2		41.2
		Lutetian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					46.2
		Ypresian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				Early Eocene	47.8
			Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean					50.5
					Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian			To3/To2/To1		Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian			To3/To2/To1		Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1		Early Paleocene	63.8
								66