International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126585 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Cenozoic Subepochs | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.5 | |||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | |||||
| Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | ||||||||||
| Geringian | 24.7 * | ||||||||||
| Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | |||||||||
| 29.5 | |||||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | Late Eocene | 33.9 | |||||||
| 37 | |||||||||||
| Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | |||||||||
| Late Uintan/Early Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||
| Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | 46.2 | ||||||||||
| Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | |||||||||
| Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | 50.5 | ||||||||||
| Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | 54.9 | ||||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | 56 | ||||||||
| Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | 56.2 | ||||||||||
| Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | |||||||||
| To3/To2/To1 | 60.9 | ||||||||||
| Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | |||||||||
| Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | 63.8 | ||||||||||
| 66 | |||||||||||