PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125929 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages	Ten Million Year Bins	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cenozoic Subepochs
								20.9
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Deseadan	Cenozoic 4	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Late Oligocene	23.03 *
		Rupelian	Deseadan		Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican		Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican	Cenozoic 3	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan					41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan			Bumbanian	Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran			Bumbanian	Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican	Cenozoic 1	Gashatan		Late Paleocene	56
			Itaboraian					56.9 *
			Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan				Early Paleocene	62.4 *
								66