PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125945 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6		0
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian			Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian			Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan			Middle Pleistocene	0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan			Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean			Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan			Late Pliocene	2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan			Early Pliocene	3.6
			Montehermosan				3.7 *
			Huayquerian				4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian					7.246
			Chasicoan				7.9 *
			Mayoan				9.9 *
			Laventan				10.9 *
		Serravallian	Laventan		Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian	Colloncuran				13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran				13.82
		Langhian	Friasian				15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian			Early Miocene	15.98
			Santacrucian				16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian				20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan				20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican			Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican		Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan			Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian			Cenozoic 2		41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan				41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan			Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran			Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican		Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene	56
			Itaboraian				56.9 *
			Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan			Early Paleocene	62.4 *
							66