International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127682 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | |
| Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | |||
| Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | 5.333 | ||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||
| Serravallian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | |||
| Langhian | 13.82 | ||||
| Burdigalian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | |||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||
| 23.03 | |||||