PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126156 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand			Central Paratethys Stages		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian				Pannonian							7.246
		Serravallian				Sarmatian							11.63
		Serravallian				Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian									Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Late Albian		100.5
											Middle Albian		106.2 *
											Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian									Late Aptian		113
		Aptian									Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian									Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian									Late Berriasian		139.8
											Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
											Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian									Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian									Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan							Late Kimmeridgian		150
				Ohauan							Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
				Heterian							Early Kimmeridgian		154.5
		Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan							Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		164.3
		Bathonian									Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian						Epizigzagiceras			Late Bajocian		168.2
								Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			Late Bajocian		168.4
								Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian						Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			Late Toarcian		174.7
			Herangi	Ururoan				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					176
								Planulata					179.3 *
										Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
											Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
								Kanense					181.3 *
								Carlottense					182.3 *
					Early Toarcian		182.9 *	Carlottense
					Early Toarcian		Kunae	183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Kunae	184.2
							Freboldi	185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
				Aratauran			Whiteavesi/Imlayi		188.9
									189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras	196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
		Norian		Warepan		Sevatian			208.5
						Alaunian			213.2 *
						Lacian			216.7 *
				Otamitan					217
				Oretian					221
		Carnian		Oretian		Tuvalian			227
			Gore	Kaihikuan		Tuvalian			227.5
						Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Longobardian			237
				Etalian		Longobardian			238
						Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian				Illyrian			242
						Pelsonian			243.8 *
						Bithynian			244.7 *
						Aegean			245.5 *
				Malakovian		Aegean			246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Spathian			247.2
						Smithian			248.9 *
				Nelsonian		Smithian			249
		Induan				Dienerian			251.2
						Griesbachian			251.4 *
			DUrville	Makarewan		Griesbachian			251.5
									251.902
									253.2
													259.51