International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126152 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Obsolete Names for ICS Units | Ten Million Year Bins | Mammal Paleogene Zones | Mesozoic Subages | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Cenozoic 6 | 0 | ||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Tertiary † | 2.58 | ||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||||
Serravallian | Cenozoic 5 | 11.63 | ||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | |||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Cenozoic 4 | MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26 | MP 25 | 23.03 | ||||||
Rupelian | MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21 | 27.82 | ||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Cenozoic 3 | MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A | 33.9 | ||||||||
Bartonian | MP 16 | 37.71 | ||||||||||
Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11 | 41.2 | |||||||||
Ypresian | MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7 | 47.8 | ||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | MP 6 | MP 1 - 5 | 56 | |||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Cretaceous 8 | Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||
Campanian | Cretaceous 7 | Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||
Santonian | Cretaceous 6 | Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||
Coniacian | Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||
Turonian | Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||
Cenomanian | Cretaceous 5 | Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Cretaceous 4 | Late Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||
Middle Albian | 106.2 * | |||||||||||
Early Albian | 109.9 * | |||||||||||
Aptian | Cretaceous 3 | Late Aptian | 113 | |||||||||
Early Aptian | 119.5 * | |||||||||||
Barremian | Cretaceous 2 | Late Barremian/Early Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||
Hauterivian | Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||
Valanginian | Cretaceous 1 | Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||
Berriasian | Late Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||
Middle Berriasian | 140.6 * | |||||||||||
Early Berriasian | 142.7 * | |||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Jurassic 6 | Late Tithonian | Middle Tithonian | 145 | ||||||
Early Tithonian | 146.3 * | |||||||||||
Kimmeridgian | Jurassic 5 | Late Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||
Early Kimmeridgian | 152.2 * | |||||||||||
Oxfordian | Late Oxfordian | Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
157.9 * | ||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||
Bathonian | Jurassic 4 | Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||
Bajocian | Late Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||||||
Early Bajocian | 168.6 * | |||||||||||
Aalenian | Jurassic 3 | Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian | 170.9 | |||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Late Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||||||
Middle Toarcian | 180.4 * | |||||||||||
Early Toarcian | 182.9 * | |||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Jurassic 2 | Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||||||
Sinemurian | Jurassic 1 | Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||||||
Hettangian | Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | Triassic 4 | 201.4 | ||||||||
Norian | Sevatian | 208.5 | ||||||||||
Alaunian | 213.2 * | |||||||||||
Lacian | 216.7 * | |||||||||||
Carnian | Triassic 3 | Tuvalian | 227 | |||||||||
Julian | 233.4 * | |||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Triassic 2 | Longobardian | 237 | ||||||||
Fassanian | 239.7 * | |||||||||||
Anisian | Illyrian | 242 | ||||||||||
Pelsonian | 243.8 * | |||||||||||
Bithynian | 244.7 * | |||||||||||
Aegean | 245.5 * | |||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Triassic 1 | Spathian | 247.2 | ||||||||
Smithian | 248.9 * | |||||||||||
Induan | Dienerian | 251.2 | ||||||||||
Griesbachian | 251.4 * | |||||||||||
251.902 |