PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene		0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan		MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian		MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Late Pliocene	MN 16	2.58
				Waipipian		MN 16	3
						MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene		3.6
				Opoitian			3.7
						MN 14	4.2
						MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene		5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian				MN 12	7.246
						MN 11	7.75
						MN 10	8.7
						MN 9	9.7
			Southland	Waiauan		MN 9	11.04
						MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene	MN 7 + 8	11.63
						MN 6	12.8 *
				Lillburnian		MN 6	13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian		MN 5	13.82
				Clifdenian			15.1
			Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene	MN 4	15.98
						MN 3	16.9
				Otaian		MN 3	18.7
						MN 2	20
		Aquitanian					20.44
			Landon	Waitakian			21.7
						MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene		23.03
				Duntroonian			25.2
				Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian			Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene		33.9
			Arnold	Runangan			34.6
				Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan	Middle Eocene		37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian			41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
				Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan	Early Eocene		47.8
				Mangaorapan			48.9
				Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene		61.6
							66