PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan	MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian	MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene		Mangapanian	MN 16	2.58
					Waipipian	MN 16	3
						MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene				3.6
					Opoitian		3.7
						MN 14	4.2
						MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian				MN 12	7.246
						MN 11	7.75
						MN 10	8.7
						MN 9	9.7
				Southland	Waiauan	MN 9	11.04
						MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene			MN 7 + 8	11.63
						MN 6	12.8 *
					Lillburnian	MN 6	13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian	MN 5	13.82
					Clifdenian		15.1
				Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene			MN 4	15.98
						MN 3	16.9
					Otaian	MN 3	18.7
						MN 2	20
		Aquitanian					20.44
				Landon	Waitakian		21.7
						MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene				23.03
					Duntroonian		25.2
					Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene				33.9
				Arnold	Runangan		34.6
					Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene		Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian		41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
					Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian	Early Eocene		Heretaungan		47.8
					Mangaorapan		48.9
					Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene		Teurian		56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene				61.6
							66