International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127308 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | European Faunal Units | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | Cenozoic Subepochs | European Faunal Zones | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Villanyian | Yushean | Late Pliocene | MN 16 | 2.58 | |||
| Ruscinian | 3.1 * | |||||||||
| MN 15 | 3.2 | |||||||||
| Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | ||||||||
| MN 14 | 4.2 | |||||||||
| Baodean | MN 13 | 4.9 | ||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | Late Miocene | 5.333 | ||||||
| Tortonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | ||||||||
| MN 11 | 7.75 | |||||||||
| Vallesian | MN 10 | 8.7 | ||||||||
| MN 9 | 9.7 | |||||||||
| Tunggurian | MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | ||||||||
| Serravallian | Astaracian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | |||||||
| MN 6 | 12.8 * | |||||||||
| Langhian | Shanwangian | MN 5 | 13.82 | |||||||
| Burdigalian | Orleanian | Early Miocene | MN 4 | 15.98 | ||||||
| Xiejiaan | MN 3 | 16.9 | ||||||||
| Agenian | MN 2 | 20 | ||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
| MN 1 | 22.4 | |||||||||
| 23.03 | ||||||||||