International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | European Faunal Zones | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.4 | |||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Senecan/Rexroadian | MN 16 | 2.58 | ||
| MN 15 | 3.2 | ||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||
| MN 14 | 4.2 | ||||||
| Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||
| MN 13 | 4.9 | ||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||
| Tortonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | |||||
| MN 11 | 7.75 | ||||||
| MN 10 | 8.7 | ||||||
| Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||
| MN 9 | 9.7 | ||||||
| MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | ||||||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||
| late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||
| MN 6 | 12.8 * | ||||||
| Langhian | MN 5 | 13.82 | |||||
| Burdigalian | MN 4 | 15.98 | |||||
| Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||
| MN 3 | 16.9 | ||||||
| late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean/Harrisonian | 18.5 | ||||||
| MN 2 | 20 | ||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||
| MN 1 | 22.4 | ||||||
| 23.03 * | |||||||
| 23.1 | |||||||
| 29.5 | |||||||