PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127245 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Mammal Paleogene Zones
										18.5
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
				Monroecreekian						23.1 *
				Geringian						24.7 *
		Rupelian		Geringian		Kekeamuan		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		27.82
		Rupelian				Kekeamuan		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
		Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		37
		Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		MP 16		37.71
		Bartonian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan					MP 16		39.7
		Lutetian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan					MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
		Lutetian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		46.2
		Ypresian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				Bumbanian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
			Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean							50.5
					Cf3/Cf2/Cf1					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Gashatan		MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
		Thanetian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Gashatan		MP 6		56.2
		Selandian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1					59.2
		Selandian			To3/To2/To1					60.9
		Danian			To3/To2/To1					61.6
		Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1					63.8
										66