International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
  • M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleTen Million Year BinsNorth American Land Mammal AgesMammal Paleogene Zones
QuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanCenozoic 6Saintaugustinean0
Santarosean0.0004
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate Pleistocene0.0117
Rancholabrean0.014
Chibanian0.129
Irvingtonian0.21
Calabrian0.774
Blancan1.4
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzian2.58
Zanclean3.6
Hemphillian4.7
MioceneMessinian5.333
Tortonian7.246
Clarendonian9.4
SerravallianCenozoic 511.63
Barstovian12.5
Langhian13.82
Burdigalian15.98
Hemingfordian16.3
Arikareean18.5
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianCenozoic 4MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26MP 2523.03
RupelianMP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 2127.82
Whitneyan29.5
Orellan31.8
EocenePriabonianCenozoic 3ChadronianMP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A33.9
Duchesnean37
BartonianMP 1637.71
Uintan39.7
LutetianCenozoic 2MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 1141.2
Bridgerian46.2
YpresianMP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 747.8
Wasatchian50.5
Clarkforkian54.9
PaleoceneThanetianCenozoic 1MP 6MP 1 - 556
Tiffanian56.2
Selandian59.2
Torrejonian60.9
Danian61.6
Puercan63.8
66