PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Mammal Paleogene Zones
								18.5
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene	Cenozoic 4	Arikareean	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene		Arikareean	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		27.82
					Whitneyan			29.5
					Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	Cenozoic 3	Chadronian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
		Priabonian	Late Eocene		Duchesnean	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		37
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene		Duchesnean	MP 16		37.71
		Bartonian			Uintan	MP 16		39.7
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2	Uintan	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
		Lutetian			Bridgerian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		46.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene		Bridgerian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
					Wasatchian			50.5
					Clarkforkian			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
		Thanetian	Late Paleocene		Tiffanian	MP 6		56.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene		Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene		Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian	Early Paleocene		Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian	Early Paleocene		Puercan			63.8
								66