PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Ten Million Year Bins	Mammal Paleogene Zones
										2.58
										18.5
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		Tertiary †	Cenozoic 4	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
				Monroecreekian						23.1 *
				Geringian						24.7 *
		Rupelian		Geringian				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		27.82
		Rupelian						MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				Cenozoic 3	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
		Priabonian						MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		37
		Bartonian						MP 16		37.71
		Bartonian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan					MP 16		39.7
		Lutetian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan				Cenozoic 2	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
		Lutetian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		46.2
		Ypresian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
			Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean							50.5
					Cf3/Cf2/Cf1					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Cenozoic 1	MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
		Thanetian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			MP 6		56.2
		Selandian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1					59.2
		Selandian			To3/To2/To1					60.9
		Danian			To3/To2/To1					61.6
		Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1					63.8
										66