PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126585 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian				0.0042
		Greenlandian				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean			0.129
			Irvingtonian			0.21
					Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian				0.774
			Blancan			1.4
					Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian	3
		Zanclean			Waipipian	3.6
					Opoitian	3.7
			Hemphillian		Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian				7.246
			Clarendonian			9.4
				Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian				11.63
			Barstovian			12.5
					Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian	13.82
					Clifdenian	15.1
				Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian				15.98
			Hemingfordian			16.3
			Arikareean			18.5
					Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian	23.03
					Duntroonian	25.2
					Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian				27.82
			Whitneyan			29.5
			Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian			33.9
				Arnold	Runangan	34.6
					Kaiatan	36.7
			Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian				37.71
					Bortonian	39.1
			Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian				41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
					Heretaungan	45.7
			Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian				47.8
					Mangaorapan	48.9
			Wasatchian		Mangaorapan	50.5
			Wasatchian		Waipawan	52
			Clarkforkian		Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian		Teurian	56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian	Puercan			63.8
						66