PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126585 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
							18.5
							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene	Arikareean	Landon	Waitakian	23.03
						Duntroonian	25.2
						Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene				27.82
				Whitneyan			29.5
				Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	Chadronian			33.9
					Arnold	Runangan	34.6
						Kaiatan	36.7
				Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene				37.71
						Bortonian	39.1
				Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian					41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
						Heretaungan	45.7
				Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene				47.8
						Mangaorapan	48.9
				Wasatchian		Mangaorapan	50.5
				Wasatchian		Waipawan	52
				Clarkforkian		Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian		Teurian	56
		Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian	Early Paleocene	Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian	Early Paleocene	Puercan			63.8
							66