PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of North America			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of China			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A								33.9
		Bartonian				MP 16								37.71
		Lutetian				MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11								41.2
		Ypresian				MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				MP 6	MP 1 - 5							56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Vokhmian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						Vokhmian						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian						259.51
		Wordian						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						264.28
		Roadian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli		Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Lockportian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Ontarian				433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan		Clinton	440.1 *
						440.7 *
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian					Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian					Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian					Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian					Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian									Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan									Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan									Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4									Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3									Dyeran		514
											Montezuman		514.8 *
											Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
														538.8