PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian		Late Miocene									7.246
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene									11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene									13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene									15.98
		Aquitanian		Early Miocene									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene									33.9
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian		Middle Eocene									41.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene									56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian								259.51
		Wordian			Midian								264.28
		Wordian			Murgabian								266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian								273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian								279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian								283.5
		Artinskian			Yakhtashian								286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Asselian		293.52
		Asselian	Asselian		Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Kuzel	298.9
					Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian				Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian				Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian				Cantabrian	307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
						Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
				Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian				Bolindian		Pirgu	445.2
						Eastonian		Pirgu	449 *
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
						Gisbornian		Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian						Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian		Uhaku		458.4
								Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri		460.4 *
							Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Yapeenian					467.3
						Castlemainian					468.5 *
						Castlemainian		Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Chewtonian					470
						Chewtonian			Latorp †		470.1 *
						Bendigonian					471.8 *
						Lancefieldian					473.5 *
			Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Hunneberg					477.7
			Varangu					481.3 *
			Pakerort					482.2 *
						Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Marjumian		Albertian †	497
		Drumian							Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan							Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan							Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Delamaran		Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4							Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3							Dyeran			514
									Montezuman			514.8 *
									Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
													538.8