PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of China			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																		0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Calabrian																		0.774
		Gelasian																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											Vokhmian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											Vokhmian							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian							259.51
		Wordian											Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian							264.28
		Roadian											Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																		273.01
		Artinskian																		283.5
		Sakmarian																		290.1
		Asselian																		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																		298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian			Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †			Chientangkiangian	445.2
					Richmondian					Chientangkiangian	446 *
									Neichianshanian/Hanjiang		449.5
						Berounian					449.7 *
					Maysvillian						Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian							450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian							451.1 *
		Sandbian			Chatfieldian							453
					Turinian							453.7 *
					Turinian							Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
				Whiterockian							Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice			Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
							Liben †									458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo							458.4
						Dobrotivian										458.5 *
						Oretanian										459.7 *
							Sarka †									461.7 *
							Sarka †		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo						466.3 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †	Dapingian								467.3
						Arenigian										468
					Rangerian											469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †							Cassinian †	Yiyangian	470
		Floian			Tulean											Yiyangian	473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadocian										Xinchangian	477.7
										Lianghekou †							477.9 *
					Stairsian												480.3 *
					Skullrockian										Demingian †		482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Skullrockian												Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10																Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian																Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian																Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian																Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian															Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian															Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan															Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan															Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4															Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4															Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3											514				Dyeran
													Montezuman				514.8 *
													Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2															521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian															529
																				538.8