PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of North America						Devonian of Czechoslovakia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian								3
		Zanclean							Waipipian								3.6
		Zanclean							Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian							Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian							Waiauan								11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian								13.82
									Clifdenian								15.1
								Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian							Altonian								15.98
		Burdigalian							Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian								23.03
									Duntroonian								25.2
									Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
								Arnold	Runangan								34.6
									Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan								37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian								41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
									Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan								47.8
									Mangaorapan								48.9
									Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian								56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian								66
		Campanian							Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
									Mangaotanean								90.5
									Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian							Arowhanan								93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
									Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan								100.5
									Urutawan								103.3
								Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian							Korangan								113
		Aptian															117.5
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Cincinnatian		Gamachian	443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian					Gamachian	445.2
					Chientangkiangian					Richmondian	446 *
					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					Richmondian	449.5
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian		450.4 *
								Mohawkian		Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian								Chatfieldian		453
										Turinian		453.7 *
								Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
		Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian			Dapingian				467.3
		Dapingian			Dapingian				Rangerian	469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
		Floian	Tulean		Yiyangian				473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian				477.7
							Lianghekou †		477.9 *
			Stairsian						480.3 *
			Skullrockian						Demingian †			482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Skullrockian		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
						Dolgellian/Trempealeauan									Sunwaptan	487.5
						Festiniogian										489.2 *
		Jiangshanian														489.5
															Steptoean	493 *
						Maentwrogian										493.1 *
		Paibian				Maentwrogian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids									Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian												Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan												Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan												Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai									Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4												Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3												Dyeran		514
														Montezuman		514.8 *
														Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8