PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale				North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Sheridanian			Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian		Sheridanian			Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Chibanian		Cudahyan/Sappan			Middle Pleistocene				0.21
		Calabrian		Cudahyan/Sappan			Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Calabrian		Senecan/Rexroadian							1.4
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene				2.58
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene				3.6
		Zanclean		Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			Early Pliocene				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian		Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian							9.4
		Serravallian		Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			Middle Miocene				11.63
		Serravallian		late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian							12.5
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene				15.98
				Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian							16.3
				late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian						18.5
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene				23.03
					Monroecreekian						23.1 *
					Geringian						24.7 *
		Rupelian			Geringian		Early Oligocene				27.82
		Rupelian					Early Oligocene				29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Late Eocene				33.9
		Priabonian					Late Eocene				37
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene				37.71
		Bartonian		Late Uintan/Early Uintan							39.7
		Lutetian		Late Uintan/Early Uintan							41.2
		Lutetian		Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian							46.2
		Ypresian		Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			Early Eocene				47.8
				Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean							50.5
						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Late Paleocene				56
		Thanetian				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Late Paleocene				56.2
		Selandian				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Selandian				To3/To2/To1	Middle Paleocene				60.9
		Danian				To3/To2/To1	Early Paleocene				61.6
		Danian				Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	Early Paleocene				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
		Pragian	Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni			443.8
		Katian			Pirgu			445.2
					Vormsi			449.6 *
					Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
				Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
					Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian			Keila	Idavere †	453
					Haljala		453.9
					Kukruse		456.4 *
					Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku		458.4
					Lasnamagi		458.9 *
					Aseri		460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
						Latorp †		470.1 *
					Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg			477.7
					Varangu			481.3 *
					Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian						Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan						Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4						Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3						Dyeran		514
								Montezuman		514.8 *
								Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
											538.8