PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Devonian of Germany	Neogene Mammal Ages of China		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Yushean			Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian	3
		Zanclean							Waipipian	3.6
									Opoitian	3.7
						Baodean			Opoitian	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian							Tongaporutuan	7.246
								Southland	Waiauan	11.04
						Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian								11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian				Shanwangian			Lillburnian	13.82
									Clifdenian	15.1
								Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian								15.98
						Xiejiaan				16.9
									Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian	23.03
									Duntroonian	25.2
									Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
								Arnold	Runangan	34.6
									Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian	41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
									Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan	47.8
									Mangaorapan	48.9
									Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian	56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian							Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
									Mangaotanean	90.5
									Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian							Arowhanan	93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
									Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan	100.5
									Urutawan	103.3
								Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian							Korangan	113
		Aptian								117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
		Bajocian			Humphresianum		168.4
		Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons			180.1
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
		Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
		Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
		Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian				Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan					504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran				Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran					514
			Montezuman					514.8 *
			Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
										538.8