PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
		Serravallian								11.63
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian								15.98
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
		Bartonian								37.71
		Lutetian								41.2
		Ypresian								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Senonian					66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Gallic					100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian			Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian								208.5
		Carnian								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Melekhovian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian	Wordian							264.28
		Wordian	Wordian				Noginskian			264.9 *
		Roadian	Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian						273.01
				Cathedralian			Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
				Hessian						281.9 *
		Artinskian		Hessian						283.5
			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
						Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian		Nealian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian		303.7
						Khamovnikian		304.8
						Dalaun	Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian					Myachkovian	307
							Podolskian	308.9 *
							Kashirian	311.4 *
							Vereian	313.8
							Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian	315.2
							Cheremshanian	316.9 *
						Huashibanian	Cheremshanian	318.5 *
							Prikamian	318.6 *
							Severokeltmian	319.9 *
						Lousuan	Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
						Lousuan	Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
							Protvian	324.4 *
							Steshevian	326.8 *
							Tarusian	329 *
						Shangsian	Tarusian	330.8 *
		Visean					Venevian	330.9
							Mikhailovian	331.9 *
							Aleksinian	333.7 *
						Jiusian	Aleksinian	335 *
							Tulian	335.8 *
							Bobrikian	339.9 *
							Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	Kosvian	346.7
							Kizelian	350.7 *
							Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian		354.4 *
					Upinian		356.3 *
					Malevkian		357.6 *
					Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian	Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian	Delamaran			Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4		Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran				514
				Montezuman				514.8 *
			Placentian	Montezuman				517.1
				Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
										538.8