PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of France	Permian of the Pamirs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Yushean			Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian	3
		Zanclean						Waipipian	3.6
								Opoitian	3.7
					Baodean			Opoitian	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan	7.246
							Southland	Waiauan	11.04
					Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian							11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian			Shanwangian			Lillburnian	13.82
								Clifdenian	15.1
							Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian							15.98
					Xiejiaan				16.9
								Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian	23.03
								Duntroonian	25.2
								Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
							Arnold	Runangan	34.6
								Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian						Bortonian	41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
								Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan	47.8
								Mangaorapan	48.9
								Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian	56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian						Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
								Mangaotanean	90.5
								Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan	93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
								Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan	100.5
								Urutawan	103.3
							Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian						Korangan	113
		Aptian							117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian		259.51
		Wordian		Midian		264.28
		Wordian		Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian		Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian		273.01
		Kungurian		Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian		Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian		Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10					Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian	494				Steptoean
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian			Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian				500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan				504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran			Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran				514
			Montezuman				514.8 *
			Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
									538.8