PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127308 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene										5.333
		Tortonian			Late Miocene										7.246
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene										11.63
		Langhian			Middle Miocene										13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene										15.98
		Aquitanian			Early Miocene										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene										33.9
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene										37.71
		Lutetian			Middle Eocene										41.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene										56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan								150
							Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian					Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian					Warepan								208.5
							Otamitan								217
							Oretian								221
		Carnian					Oretian								227
		Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian					Etalian								238
		Anisian					Etalian								242
		Anisian					Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian								247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian								249
		Induan	251.2				Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian	259.51
		Wordian	Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian	Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian	Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian				Cathedralian	273.01
						Mangapirian	Cathedralian	276
							Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						283.5
						Telfordian		285
			Wolfcampian			Telfordian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian					Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian			Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian	445.2
								Richmondian	446 *
								Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian		450.4 *
					Mohawkian			Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian						Chatfieldian		453
								Turinian		453.7 *
					Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Dapingian									467.3
		Dapingian						Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian			Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean				477.7
								Stairsian				480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				485.4
		Stage 10			Sunwaptan									487.5
		Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan									489.5
		Jiangshanian			Steptoean									493 *
		Paibian			Steptoean									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian				Albertian †					497
		Drumian			Marjumian									500.5
		Wuliuan			Topazan									504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran									506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran				Waucoban †					509
		Stage 4			Dyeran									511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran									514
					Montezuman									514.8 *
					Begadean									519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
															538.8