PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of France	European Faunal Units	Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Villanyian							2.58
		Piacenzian							Ruscinian							3.1 *
		Zanclean							Ruscinian							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Turolian							5.333
		Tortonian							Turolian							7.246
		Tortonian							Vallesian							8.7
		Serravallian							Astaracian							11.63
		Langhian							Astaracian							13.82
		Burdigalian							Orleanian							15.98
		Burdigalian							Agenian							20
		Aquitanian							Agenian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Vokhmian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					Vokhmian									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian									259.51
		Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian									264.28
		Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Artinskian														283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	Cincinnatian		Gamachian	443.8
		Katian			Pirgu			Gamachian	445.2
					Pirgu			Richmondian	446 *
					Vormsi			Richmondian	449.6 *
					Vormsi			Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Nabala			Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
					Nabala			Edenian			450.4 *
				Viru	Rakvere			Edenian			450.6 *
					Rakvere	Mohawkian		Chatfieldian			451.1 *
					Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian			Keila					Idavere †	453
					Keila			Turinian			453.7 *
					Haljala						453.9
					Kukruse						456.4 *
					Kukruse	Whiterockian			Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
					Uhaku					Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku							458.4
					Lasnamagi							458.9 *
					Aseri							460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda							462.9 *
					Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
					Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
								Rangerian					469.1 *
					Billingen			Rangerian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian		Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
										Latorp †				470.1 *
					Hunneberg									473.7 *
								Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean						477.7
								Stairsian						480.3 *
					Varangu			Stairsian						481.3 *
					Varangu			Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
					Pakerort								Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
						Sunwaptan									487.5
		Jiangshanian				Sunwaptan									489.5
		Jiangshanian				Steptoean									493 *
		Paibian				Steptoean									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian				Albertian †					497
		Drumian				Marjumian									500.5
		Wuliuan				Topazan									504.5
		Wuliuan				Delamaran									506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran				Waucoban †					509
		Stage 4				Dyeran									511 *
		Stage 3				Dyeran									514
						Montezuman									514.8 *
						Begadean									519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																538.8