PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Cambrian of Siberia	Ordovician of North America
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni				Cincinnatian	Gamachian				443.8
		Katian		Pirgu					Gamachian				445.2
				Pirgu					Richmondian				446 *
				Vormsi					Richmondian				449.6 *
				Vormsi					Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian			449.8 *
				Nabala	Johvi †				Maysvillian				450 *
				Nabala					Edenian				450.4 *
			Viru	Rakvere					Edenian				450.6 *
				Rakvere				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
				Oandu									452 *
		Sandbian		Keila	Idavere †								453
				Keila					Turinian				453.7 *
				Haljala									453.9
				Kukruse									456.4 *
				Kukruse				Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor		457 *
				Uhaku	Aluoja †								457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku									458.4
				Lasnamagi									458.9 *
				Aseri									460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda									462.9 *
				Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum								464.3 *
				Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka							467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
									Rangerian				469.1 *
				Billingen					Rangerian				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
					Latorp †								470.1 *
				Hunneberg									473.7 *
									Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian							Tulean				477.7
									Stairsian				480.3 *
				Varangu					Stairsian				481.3 *
				Varangu					Skullrockian/Demingian				482 *
				Pakerort									482.2 *
				Pakerort			Mansian †						483.55 *
													485.4 *
													486.3
													486.5
													487.5