PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran								0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian								0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian								3
		Zanclean			Waipipian								3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian								3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan								7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian			Waiauan								11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian								13.82
					Clifdenian								15.1
				Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian			Altonian								15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian								23.03
					Duntroonian								25.2
					Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
				Arnold	Runangan								34.6
					Kaiatan								36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan								37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian								39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian								41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
					Heretaungan								45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan								47.8
					Mangaorapan								48.9
					Waipawan								52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian								56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian								66
		Campanian			Haumurian								72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan								83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
					Mangaotanean								90.5
					Arowhanan								93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan								93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
					Motuan								99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan								100.5
					Urutawan								103.3
				Taitai	Korangan								108.4
		Aptian			Korangan								113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian		Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian	445.2
						Richmondian	446 *
						Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian		450.4 *
				Mohawkian		Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian				Chatfieldian		453
						Turinian		453.7 *
				Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Dapingian			467.3
		Dapingian			Rangerian	469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
		Floian			Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean				477.7
			Stairsian		480.3 *
			Skullrockian		Demingian †			482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				485.4
					Payntonian					486.8 *
			Sunwaptan		Payntonian						487.5
		Jiangshanian	Sunwaptan		Iverian						489.5
		Jiangshanian	Steptoean		Iverian						493 *
		Paibian	Steptoean		Idamean						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan		Marjumian	Albertian †					497
			Mindyallan								Arcadian	498.4
			Boomerangian									499
		Drumian	Undillan									500.5
		Drumian	Floran									503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian		Topazan							504.5
			Templetonian		Delamaran							506.5
			Ordian									507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian			Branchian					Waucoban †	509
												510.8 *
					Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran							514
					Montezuman							514.8 *
					Montezuman	Placentian						517.1
					Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
													538.8