PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian of Britain		Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian									0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian									0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan									0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan									0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †								1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean									2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan									2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan									3.6
			Montehermosan									3.7 *
			Huayquerian									4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
			Chasicoan									7.9 *
			Mayoan									9.9 *
			Laventan									10.9 *
		Serravallian	Laventan									11.63
		Serravallian	Colloncuran									13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran									13.82
		Langhian	Friasian									15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian									15.98
			Santacrucian									16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian									17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian									20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan									20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
		Rupelian										27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican									28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican									33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan									35.9 *
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan									41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan									47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran									47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican									56
			Itaboraian									56.9 *
			Peligran									58.9 *
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan									62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian			Gamachian	445.2
					Richmondian	446 *
			Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
			Edenian			450.4 *
			Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian		Chatfieldian		453
				Turinian		453.7 *
			Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Dapingian					467.3
		Dapingian		Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian		Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean				477.7
				Stairsian				480.3 *
				Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
						Dolgellian/Trempealeauan				Sunwaptan	487.5
						Festiniogian					489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									489.5
										Steptoean	493 *
						Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian				Maentwrogian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids				Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian							Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan							Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan							Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai				Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4							Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3							Dyeran		514
									Montezuman		514.8 *
									Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
												538.8