PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127245 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Salt Range	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of Britain		Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6										0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5										11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2										41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2			Bumbanian							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Gashatan								56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4						Late Albian				100.5
									Middle Albian				106.2 *
									Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3						Late Aptian				113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3						Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2						Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian							Late Berriasian				139.8
									Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
									Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6						Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5						Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian							Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian							Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian								Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4						Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian							Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian							Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3						Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Late Toarcian				174.7
									Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
									Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2						Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1						Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1						Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4										201.4
		Norian							Sevatian				208.5
									Alaunian				213.2 *
									Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3						Tuvalian				227
		Carnian	Triassic 3						Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	Longobardian			237
		Ladinian		Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian			251.2
				Griesbachian			251.4 *
				Griesbachian			Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				Kathwai	251.902
								252.4 *
							Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian					Chhidru	254.14
							Kalabagh	255 *
							Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
								265.3 *
							Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9	Amb
		Roadian	Permian 3			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5			303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2			330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan		451.5 *
							Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian				Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian			470
							Whitlandian			471.1 *
							Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
						Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10									Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian		Maentwrogian							493.1 *
		Paibian		Maentwrogian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	St Davids							497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4								500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	Caerfai							509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1								529
													538.8