PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127245 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		South American Land Mammal Ages			Carboniferous of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6	Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian				0.0117
		Chibanian				Lujanian				0.129
						Ensenadan				0.3 *
					Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian					0.774
					Nukumaruan					1.63
						Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
		Gelasian								1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Vorohuean				2.58
						Chapadmalalan				2.9 *
					Waipipian					3
		Zanclean			Waipipian					3.6
					Opoitian	Montehermosan				3.7 *
					Opoitian	Huayquerian				4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian								7.246
						Chasicoan				7.9 *
						Mayoan				9.9 *
						Laventan				10.9 *
				Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Waiauan					11.63
					Lillburnian					13.05
						Colloncuran				13.7 *
		Langhian								13.82
					Clifdenian					15.1
					Clifdenian	Friasian				15.4 *
				Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian								15.98
						Santacrucian				16.2 *
						Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
					Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian								20.44
						Deseadan				20.9 *
				Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Waitakian					23.03
					Duntroonian					25.2
					Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian								27.82
		Rupelian				Tinguirirican				28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3							33.9
				Arnold	Runangan					34.6
					Runangan	Divisaderan				35.9 *
					Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2							41.2
						Mustersan				41.9 *
				Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
					Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian								47.8
						Casamayoran				47.9 *
					Mangaorapan					48.9
					Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Teurian	Riochican				56
						Itaboraian				56.9 *
						Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
		Danian				Tiupampan				62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7		Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6		Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4		Motuan			100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3		Korangan		113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3				117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1				Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5				Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian					Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian					Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian					Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2				Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan			451.5 *
						Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4						453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
				Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
				Longvillian †					455.2 *
				Longvillian †		Aurelucian			456.8 *
				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aurelucian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian				470
					Whitlandian				471.1 *
					Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3						509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1						529
										538.8