PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127245 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of North America		Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian		Late Miocene								7.246
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene								11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene								13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene								15.98
		Aquitanian		Early Miocene								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene								33.9
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene								37.71
		Lutetian		Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene								56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Late Albian					100.5
							Middle Albian					106.2 *
							Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian					113
		Aptian					Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian					139.8
							Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
							Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian					Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian					Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian					174.7
							Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
							Early Toarcian					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian					Sevatian					208.5
							Alaunian					213.2 *
							Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian					Tuvalian					227
		Carnian					Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian	Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian		242
			Pelsonian		243.8 *
			Bithynian		244.7 *
			Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian		251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian			251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian			254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan			259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian			264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian			283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian			285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian			290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan	445.2
						Cautleyan	448.9 *
						Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan		451.5 *
						Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian						453
							Actonian †	453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig		Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian			470
						Whitlandian			471.1 *
						Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc		Migneintian			477.7
				Tremadoc		Cressagian			480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian			500.5				Marjumian
		Wuliuan			Topazan				504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran				Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4			Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran					514
					Montezuman					514.8 *
					Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
												538.8