PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127245 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian of England		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian							2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian							3
		Zanclean				Waipipian							3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian							3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian				Waiauan							11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian							13.82
						Clifdenian							15.1
					Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian							15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian							23.03
						Duntroonian							25.2
						Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
					Arnold	Runangan							34.6
						Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian							41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
						Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan							47.8
						Mangaorapan							48.9
						Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian							56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian				Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
						Mangaotanean							90.5
						Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan							93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
						Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan							100.5
						Urutawan							103.3
					Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian				Korangan							113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
		Pragian			Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
					Ohesaare				Bringewood/Elton	421.3
					Kaugetuma				Bringewood/Elton	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla				Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423.4 *
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian							Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula				Buildwas	427.4
					Rootsikula			Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
					Jaagarahu					429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu					430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani					431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani					433.4
					Adavere					434 *
										436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
								Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
					Raikkula					439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
			Pusgillian							449.3 *
			Caradoc					Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn					Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig					Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian				470
								Whitlandian				471.1 *
								Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc					Migneintian				477.7
			Tremadoc					Cressagian				480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
													538.8