PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127245 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America						Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Lujanian			0.0117
		Chibanian									Lujanian			0.129
											Ensenadan			0.3 *
										Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian								Castlecliffian				0.774
										Nukumaruan				1.63
											Sanandresian	Uquian †		1.7 *
		Gelasian												1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Vorohuean			2.58
											Chapadmalalan			2.9 *
										Waipipian				3
		Zanclean								Waipipian				3.6
										Opoitian	Montehermosan			3.7 *
										Opoitian	Huayquerian			4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian												7.246
											Chasicoan			7.9 *
											Mayoan			9.9 *
											Laventan			10.9 *
									Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian								Waiauan				11.63
										Lillburnian				13.05
											Colloncuran			13.7 *
		Langhian												13.82
										Clifdenian				15.1
										Clifdenian	Friasian			15.4 *
									Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian												15.98
											Santacrucian			16.2 *
											Colhuehuapian			17.4 *
										Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian												20.44
											Deseadan			20.9 *
									Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Waitakian				23.03
										Duntroonian				25.2
										Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
		Rupelian									Tinguirirican			28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
									Arnold	Runangan				34.6
										Runangan	Divisaderan			35.9 *
										Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian								Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian								Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian												41.2
											Mustersan			41.9 *
									Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
										Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian												47.8
											Casamayoran			47.9 *
										Mangaorapan				48.9
										Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Teurian	Riochican			56
											Itaboraian			56.9 *
											Peligran			58.9 *
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
		Danian									Tiupampan			62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
				Mangaotanean		90.5
				Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
				Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		100.5
				Urutawan		103.3
			Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian		Korangan		113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian				Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian	323.2
		Visean				Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian				Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
							Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
				Pusgillian					449.3 *
				Caradoc				Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Edenian				450.4 *
					Mohawkian		Chatfieldian				451.1 *
			Cheneyan					451.5 *
			Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian						453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
							Turinian	Actonian †	453.7 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †		454.2 *
								Longvillian †			455.2 *
			Aurelucian								456.8 *
					Whiterockian					Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn								458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								467.3
			Arenig	Fennian								468.4 *
							Rangerian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian		Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
				Whitlandian			Blackhillsian						471.1 *
				Whitlandian			Tulean						473.9 *
				Moridunian									474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian									477.7
				Migneintian			Stairsian						480.3 *
				Cressagian			Stairsian						480.8 *
				Cressagian			Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
												Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
		Stage 10											487.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
														538.8