PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127243 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
		Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian			Bumbanian							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan								56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan				150
								Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan				176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan				184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian						Warepan				208.5
								Otamitan				217
								Oretian				221
		Carnian						Oretian				227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian						Etalian				238
		Anisian						Etalian				242
		Anisian						Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian				247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian				249
		Induan	251.2					Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville			Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima			Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian	266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian	283.5
						Telfordian	285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian		315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian	330.9
		Visean		Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan		451.5 *
							Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian			Arenig		Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian			470
							Whitlandian			471.1 *
							Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Ungurian		Tremadoc			Migneintian	477.7
							Tremadoc			Cressagian	480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian						485.4
		Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian						489.5
					Aksaian						490.7 *
					Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian			Sakian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian									499.5
		Drumian			Zhanaarykian						500.5
		Drumian			Tuesaian						503
		Wuliuan			Tuesaian						504.5
		Wuliuan			505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4			509
			Toyonian		510 *
			Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian		514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian		521
		Stage 2			525.5
		Fortunian			529
												538.8