PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127245 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of China		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of North America						Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																0
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Chibanian																0.129
		Calabrian																0.774
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																259.51
		Wordian																264.28
		Roadian																266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																273.01
		Artinskian																283.5
		Sakmarian																290.1
		Asselian																293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian		Gamachian	Chientangkiangian				Rawtheyan	445.2
				Richmondian					Rawtheyan	446 *
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Pusgillian	449.5
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
				Maysvillian							Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
				Edenian								450.4 *
			Mohawkian	Chatfieldian								451.1 *
									Cheneyan			451.5 *
									Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
										Actonian †		453.2 *
				Turinian						Actonian †		453.7 *
										Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †			455.2 *
									Aurelucian				456.8 *
			Whiterockian								Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
						Guniu †/Hulo			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
						Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo							466.3 *
		Dapingian			Dapingian									467.3
								Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
				Rangerian										469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †								Cassinian †	Yiyangian	470
				Blackhillsian					Whitlandian						471.1 *
				Tulean					Whitlandian						473.9 *
									Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian						Ungurian	Xinchangian					Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
							Lianghekou †									477.9 *
				Stairsian												480.3 *
				Stairsian											Cressagian	480.8 *
				Skullrockian									Demingian †		Cressagian	482 *
													Demingian †			485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian								485.4
						Dolgellian/Trempealeauan											487.5
						Festiniogian											489.2 *
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian										489.5
									Aksaian								490.7 *
									Sakian								492.2 *
						Maentwrogian											493.1 *
		Paibian					Paibian										494
		Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian									494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Ayusokkanian								497
		Guzhangian					Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian					Drumian		Zhanaarykian								500.5
		Drumian					Drumian		Tuesaian								503
		Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian		Tuesaian								504.5
		Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian										505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai		Duyunian										509
									Toyonian								510 *
									Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3					Nangaoian		Botomian								514
		Stage 3					Nangaoian		Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian		Tommotian								521
		Stage 2															525.5
		Fortunian															529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian										530.7
																		538.8