PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127245 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of North America		Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian			Late Miocene								7.246
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene								11.63
		Langhian			Middle Miocene								13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene								15.98
		Aquitanian			Early Miocene								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene								33.9
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene								37.71
		Lutetian			Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene								56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Late Albian					100.5
								Middle Albian					106.2 *
								Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian						Late Aptian					113
		Aptian						Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian						Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian						Late Berriasian					139.8
								Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
								Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian						Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian						Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian						Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian						Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian						Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian						Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian						Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian						Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Late Toarcian					174.7
								Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
								Early Toarcian					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian						Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian						Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian						Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian						Sevatian					208.5
								Alaunian					213.2 *
								Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian						Tuvalian					227
		Carnian						Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian	Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian	242
			Pelsonian	243.8 *
			Bithynian	244.7 *
			Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian	251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan	445.2
					Cautleyan	448.9 *
					Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
					Cheneyan		451.5 *
					Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian					453
						Actonian †	453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †		455.2 *
					Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
					Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian			470
					Whitlandian			471.1 *
					Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
								485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
									Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Sunwaptan	487.5
									Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian										489.5
											Steptoean	493 *
									Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian							Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian								Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan								Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran					Caerfai		Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran								514
			Montezuman								514.8 *
			Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
													538.8