PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127243 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of the Baltic	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene									7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene									11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene									13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene									15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene									33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene									41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene									56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites						168.2
		Bajocian					Humphresianum					168.4
		Aalenian				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense					174.7
						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons						180.1
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum						182
		Pliensbachian				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni						184.2
		Sinemurian				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi						192.9
		Hettangian				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Vokhmian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Vokhmian							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian							259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian							264.28
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare				419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma				421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare				423
		Ludfordian		Paadla				423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula				427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu				429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu				430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian	Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill				Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc				Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn				Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn	461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn	467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig			Fennian	468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian	470
							Whitlandian	471.1 *
						Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc		Migneintian	477.7
				Tremadoc		Cressagian	480.8 *
							485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					509
	Series 2	Stage 3					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
												538.8