PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127245 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of France	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene		Mangapanian			Yushean			2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene		Waipipian						3
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene		Waipipian						3.6
					Opoitian						3.7
					Opoitian			Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan						7.246
				Southland	Waiauan						11.04
								Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene								11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian			Shanwangian			13.82
					Clifdenian						15.1
				Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene								15.98
								Xiejiaan			16.9
					Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene		Waitakian						23.03
					Duntroonian						25.2
					Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene								33.9
				Arnold	Runangan						34.6
					Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene		Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian						41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
					Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian	Early Eocene		Heretaungan						47.8
					Mangaorapan						48.9
					Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene		Teurian						56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian			Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
					Mangaotanean						90.5
					Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan						93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
					Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan						100.5
					Urutawan						103.3
				Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian			Korangan						113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Pragian					Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill					Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
			Caradoc					Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
					Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
					Longvillian †					455.2 *
					Longvillian †			Aurelucian		456.8 *
					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			Aurelucian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn	461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn	467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian	468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian	470
				Whitlandian	471.1 *
				Moridunian	474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian	477.7
			Tremadoc	Cressagian	480.8 *
					485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			509
	Series 2	Stage 3			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
											538.8