PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127245 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran			Cenozoic 6							0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian										0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian										0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan										1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan										1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian										2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian										2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian										3
		Zanclean		Waipipian										3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian										3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan										7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan										7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan										11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan			Cenozoic 5							11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian										13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian										13.82
				Clifdenian										15.1
			Pareora	Altonian										15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian										15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian										18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian										20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian										21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian			Cenozoic 4							23.03
				Duntroonian										25.2
				Whaingaroan										27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3							33.9
			Arnold	Runangan										34.6
				Kaiatan										36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan										37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian										39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian			Cenozoic 2							41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
				Heretaungan										45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan										47.8
				Mangaorapan										48.9
				Waipawan										52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian			Cenozoic 1							56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian			Cretaceous 8							66
		Campanian		Haumurian			Cretaceous 7							72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan			Cretaceous 6							83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan										86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
				Mangaotanean										90.5
				Arowhanan										93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan			Cretaceous 5							93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian										95.2
				Motuan										99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan			Cretaceous 4							100.5
				Urutawan										103.3
			Taitai	Korangan										108.4
		Aptian		Korangan			Cretaceous 3							113
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3							117.5
		Barremian					Cretaceous 2							121.4
		Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2							125.77
		Valanginian					Cretaceous 1							132.6
		Berriasian			139.8		Cretaceous 1
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1	Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1	Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian				Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian			Roadian	Permian 3	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian	Permian 2		273.01
		Kungurian				Hessian			281.9 *
		Artinskian				Hessian			283.5
		Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
		Sakmarian				Lenoxian			290.1
		Asselian				Nealian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian					Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian					Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean					Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian					Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian					Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian					Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Silurian 2		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian									425.6
		Gorstian								Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian								Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian							Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1				433.4
		Telychian									436.3 *
		Aeronian									438.5
		Aeronian							Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian							Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5				Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian										Rawtheyan	445.2
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
				Pusgillian								449.3 *
				Caradoc							Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian					Ordovician 4						453
			Actonian †									453.2 *
			Marshbrookian †									Woolstonian †	454.2 *
			Longvillian †										455.2 *
			Longvillian †								Aurelucian		456.8 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian								Aurelucian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian	Ordovician 3				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
		Dapingian	Ordovician 2				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig			Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian						470
							Whitlandian						471.1 *
							Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	Tremadoc			Migneintian						477.7
				Tremadoc			Cressagian						480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5										485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4										497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4										500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3										509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
														538.8