PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127243 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of China		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian									0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean									2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean									3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean									4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian									11.1
		Serravallian	Tunggurian									11.63
		Langhian	Shanwangian									13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian									15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan									16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan					150
							Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian					Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian					Warepan					208.5
							Otamitan					217
							Oretian					221
		Carnian					Oretian					227
		Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian					Etalian					238
		Anisian					Etalian					242
		Anisian		Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill			Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan	445.2
						Cautleyan	448.9 *
						Pusgillian	449.3 *
			Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
						Cheneyan		451.5 *
						Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian						453
							Actonian †	453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
						Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig			Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian			470
						Whitlandian			471.1 *
						Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Migneintian			477.7
			Tremadoc			Cressagian			480.8 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian							Paibian		494
		Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian							Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3							Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian							Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian		530.7
												538.8