PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127243 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Mesozoic Subages		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Calabrian							0.774
		Gelasian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
		Serravallian							11.63
		Langhian							13.82
		Burdigalian							15.98
		Aquitanian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
		Lutetian							41.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan						56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian				100.5
					Middle Albian				106.2 *
					Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian			Late Aptian				113
		Aptian			Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian				139.8
					Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
					Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian				174.7
					Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
					Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian			Sevatian				208.5
					Alaunian				213.2 *
					Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian				227
		Carnian			Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian		237
		Ladinian			Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian		242
					Pelsonian		243.8 *
					Bithynian		244.7 *
					Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian		251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Wordian					Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian					Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian					Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian					Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian	303.7
			Khamovnikian	304.8
			Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian	307
			Podolskian	308.9 *
			Kashirian	311.4 *
			Vereian	313.8
			Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian	315.2
			Cheremshanian	316.9 *
			Prikamian	318.6 *
			Severokeltmian	319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
			Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
			Protvian	324.4 *
			Steshevian	326.8 *
			Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Venevian	330.9
			Mikhailovian	331.9 *
			Aleksinian	333.7 *
			Tulian	335.8 *
			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian				Rawtheyan	445.2
						Cautleyan	448.9 *
						Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
					Cheneyan	451.5 *
					Burrellian	452.7 *
		Sandbian				453
						Actonian †	453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †		455.2 *
					Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
					Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian			470
					Whitlandian			471.1 *
					Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
				Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
								485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						509
	Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
									538.8