PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127243 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of Britain		Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian									11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan								56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Late Albian				100.5
							Middle Albian				106.2 *
							Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian				113
		Aptian					Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian				139.8
							Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
							Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian					Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian					Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian				174.7
							Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
							Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian					Sevatian				208.5
							Alaunian				213.2 *
							Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian					Tuvalian				227
		Carnian					Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian	237
		Ladinian			Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian	242
					Pelsonian	243.8 *
					Bithynian	244.7 *
					Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian	251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		Rawtheyan		445.2
				Cautleyan		448.9 *
				Pusgillian		449.3 *
			Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
				Cheneyan			451.5 *
				Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian					453
						Actonian †	453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †		455.2 *
				Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
				Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian				470
				Whitlandian				471.1 *
				Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
			Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
								485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10							Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian							Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian							Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids		497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Caerfai		509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
											538.8